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电子元器件

Crystal resonators

Eaton’s precision timing devices are passive components that create reliable clock signals through the piezoelectric effect and are ideal for mobile phones, wearables, and AV/PC applications for continuous performance and accuracy. These devices are used in various markets including automotive and consumer electronics, and industrial systems. 

Eaton’s portfolio consists of crystal resonators which play a crucial role in maintaining accurate timekeeping and synchronization across diverse technologies and devices. Whether it’s a smartwatch, navigation system, or communication equipment, crystal-based timing devices ensure precise operation and reliable performance.

What are crystal resonators?

Crystal resonators are made of high stability piezoelectric quartz crystal that function as a mechanical resonator. They can generate clock signals which are essential for ICs and LSIs to operate, achieving high stability, adjustment-free performance and miniaturization. At present, crystal resonators are found in a broad range of applications such as communication satellites, mobile communication devices, automotive electronics, TVs, computing and smart home information appliances.

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How to select a timing device

Choosing the right timing device is crucial when considering your application design. Package size, nominal frequency, load capacitance, frequency stability, temperature range, and long-term reliability are key attributes that can have a significant impact on performance and system efficiency. Additionally, there is a wide range of criteria to consider when selecting a timing device including power consumption, frequency vs. temperature characteristics, vibration sensitivity, reliability, and more. Every consideration plays a crucial role in determining the performance and efficiency of your timing device.

Frequency stability: This ensures a crystal maintains a consistent output frequency over time, despite temperature variations and aging. It’s essential for applications requiring long-term precision.

Temperature range: Crystals must perform over the device’s entire operating temperature range. For products used in varying environments, a wide temperature range ensures reliability.

Size and packaging: The physical dimensions of the crystal might be critical for portable and space-constrained applications. Smaller crystals are beneficial for miniaturised electronic devices. Some crystal manufacturers also integrate LDO power circuitry to further reduce overall product size.

Aging – frequency shift over time: For the most reliable long-term performance to ensure a system stays within its operating tolerances the aging of crystals should be considered, choosing a device with the right aging tolerances at the onset can reduce costs by not having to over spec a device.

Long-term reliability: Crystals with high reliability reduce maintenance costs and extend the product lifecycle, which is vital for mission-critical systems.

Shock and vibration resistance: Important for military, aerospace, industrial and automotive applications where crystals may be subjected to harsh conditions.

Key considerations for part selections

Definitions of crystal parameters & specifications

This defines the nominal value of resonant frequency of a crystal resonator. It is mainly decided by the thickness of crystal blank. 
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This defines the cutting type of the crystal blank utilized in the crystal resonator. AT-cut is the most commonly used cutting type in crystal resonator.

The temperature characteristics are dependent to the cutting types and angles.

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This defines the oscillation mode while the resonator is under oscillation. Generally the fundamental oscillation is used.
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This defines the moisture sensitivity level of the product according to the definition of IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020. The higher the level number, the easier it is to absorb moisture. 

The crystal generally defines to level 1 due to the hermeticity by using  ceramic package. 

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This defines ESD capability of the X’tal while suffering to the ESD discharge. Generally the HMB (Human Body Mode discharging) is considered according to the ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 with a minimum capability requirement.
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This defines the operating temperature range of a crystal that can work under a specified stability (ppm) within a minimum to maximum temperature range. This is an external factor that most affect the crystal’s frequency stability.

This temperature stability is related to the cutting angle of the crystal blank and can be manipulated by adjusting the cutting angle. Basically, the wider the temperature range, the more difficult to maintain the stability.

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This defines the minimum and maximum temperatures that the device can be stored or exposed to when in a non-oscillation state. It belongs to reliability capability as environmental endurance. Generally it is wider than the operation temperature range.
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The load capacitance (CL) is a parameter for determining the operation frequency (FL) of the oscillation circuit. The CL is represented by an effective equivalent capacitance that is loaded from the oscillation circuit to both ends of the crystal unit.
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The drive level defines the level of the operating power / current  applying to the crystal. Operating the crystal at an excessive power level will result in performance degradation and may cause frequency instability or physical failure of the blank. Design the circuit within absolute maximum drive level.
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This defines the resonant frequency (FL) deviated from nominal frequency of a crystal resonator at specified load capacitance and is considered at 25 °C operation. It is consider as the accuracy of the crystal resonator.
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This defines the temperature characteristic (stability) of the crystal resonator within specified operating temperature range. The stability is normalized to the frequency at 25 °C.
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This defines the long-term frequency aging deviation (over years)of a crystal resonator. This is a native behavior (in logarithmic variation) of crystal. Generally the aging rate is worst at the beginning and getting lower and lower with time growing.
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This defines the crystal impedance and is also called RR. It relates to the vibration loss to the internal resistance at the series resonant frequency.
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Shunt capacitance is also called static capacitance, is measured between the crystal terminals. This parameter is mainly decided by the dielectric of the quartz and the electrode design, and the capacitance presented by the holder.
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This defines the insulation resistance between the leads of the crystal and between the crystal leads and the base with a minimum requirement.
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Need samples?

Thousands of parts available for immediate shipment. Login to Eaton's sample portal to request samples to test in your designs.

Need samples?

Thousands of parts available for immediate shipment. Login to Eaton's sample portal to request samples to test in your designs.